Brief definition about child immunizations

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Brief definition about child immunizations

The word “vaccine” originates from the Latin Variolae vaccinae
(cowpox), which Edward Jenner demonstrated in 1798 could prevent smallpox in humans. Today the term ‘vaccine’ applies to all biological preparations, produced from living organisms, that enhance immunity against disease and either prevent (prophylactic vaccines) or, in some cases, treat disease (therapeutic vaccines). Vaccines are administered in liquid form, either by injection, by oral, or by intranasal routes.

Vaccines are composed of either the entire disease-causing microorganism or some of its components. They may be constructed in several ways

• From living organisms that have been weakened, usually from cultivation under sub-optimal conditions (also called attenuation), or from genetic modification, which has the effect of reducing their ability to cause disease;
• From whole organisms that have been inactivated by chemical, thermal or other means;
• From components of the disease-causing organism, such as specific proteins and polysaccharides, or nucleic acids;
• From inactivated toxins of toxin-producing bacteria;
• From the linkage (conjugation) of polysaccharides

to proteins (this increases the effectiveness of polysaccharide vaccines in young children)

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Health For Child